作者/振藩截拳道核心
在電視系列節目《盲人追凶》首集中，詹姆斯·法蘭西斯卡斯問李小龍：“你剛剛展示的是什麼？”李小龍的回答是源自粵語的新名詞—— “截拳道”。其中：“截”意味著“截擊”或者“阻擋”，“拳”就是對方的出拳，“道”則是截擊對手出拳的方法。
這麼多年過去了，有關“截拳道”命名的爭論從未停歇。究竟它是一種武術形式還是一門哲學？它的武術起源是基於東方還是西方？對於此，李小龍本人曾有過定論，“截拳道”只不過是個名字而已，用以命名自己的格鬥技術和戰術。
至於為何要創立新的格鬥體系，這還得追溯到1964年。當時，李小龍在加州的奧克蘭讀書，同時在校園裏教授傳統的詠春拳。李小龍堅持傳授外國人中國功夫， 這引起海灣地區傳統武術界對其不滿。他們從香港派了一個名為黃澤民的武師向李小龍下最後通牒：停止教授外國人或接受比武，輸了就關閉武館。李小龍接受挑戰 雖並以擊倒勝平息了紛爭。但是整場格鬥耗時三分鐘，這遠遠超出了李小龍的預期，他的內心受到極大的震撼。他意識到傳統武術在臨場格鬥中不是很有效，必須進 行革新和再實踐。
其實，李小龍本可以簡單的處理這次紛爭，繼續享受先前取得的榮譽和擊敗黃澤民的勝利。相反，他開始反思多年研修的詠春拳，同時一頭紮進對其他武術的研究中。為此，李小龍閱讀了上千本有關格鬥體系的書。在他的私人藏書中，大部分的書是有關西方擊劍和西方拳擊。李小龍對這些內容極其關注，在閱讀時做了大量的筆記和注解，這些都是截拳道的基石。
對大量的格鬥體系進行研究後，李小龍並沒有對其進行簡單的拼湊。讓我們再回到文章開頭看看詹姆斯的提問：你展示的是什麼？將截拳道是否是一種武術形式先放 一邊，李小龍用此來給他革新和實踐的格鬥體系命名。截拳道是有關李小龍在做什麼，如何最有效的利用手臂、腿、體重、戰術以及物理學定律進行格鬥。誠然，截拳道包含了哲理原則，但是絕不能忘記，截拳道是關於“做什麼”和“怎麼做”。
這具體的行動中包含了李小龍創立的截拳道格鬥技術。不同於人們初期的誤解，李小龍並不是簡單地將其他格鬥體系中的招數進行拼湊。他認真研習並反復試驗了很 多技術元素，這些元素基本上源自兩大體系，西方擊劍和西方拳擊。西方擊劍中的一個重要原則——“阻擊”——其實就是截拳道的同名詞——“截拳之法”。處於 進攻狀態的對手也處於防禦脆弱的狀態，這是進行截擊的機會。這些是擊劍大師阿爾多‧納迪和胡里‧奧馬丁內茲著作的中心思想，都曾被李小龍大量引用，在後來出版的《截拳道之道》一書可覓一二。
同時，受拳擊家艾德溫‧海斯雷、傑克‧田普西和吉姆‧迪斯可影響，李小龍學習了人體力學並研究發力方法。李小龍的著作中也曾大量引用以上三位的思想。截拳道中的立拳, 打擊前要先瞄準, 打擊部位, 轉跨, 出拳的順序均來自於西方拳擊。
誠然，截拳道受西方擊劍和西方拳擊影響頗多，但是，截拳道既非擊劍亦非拳擊。有關於此的技術層面上的解釋說明不在本文敍述範圍之內，有一點是確定無疑的，李小龍從不會把其他格鬥體系的內容原封不動的拿為己用。每個招式都經過李小龍的科學分析、改進並在實戰中加以檢驗。
對於今天的我們來說，截拳道是用來描述李小龍花了畢生的精力創立和運用的格鬥技、戰術。他本人一直致力於改進截拳道，進行修正並擯棄不實用的部分。我們所 要做的，保留和傳承歷史，以保護李小龍的格鬥體系以及他對武術界的傑出貢獻。李小龍創立那些格鬥技術，如今都有一個名字——振藩截拳道。
編譯/張安邦 楊瀚樽 於飛
Article By Jun Fan Jeet Kune Do Nucleus
What is Jun Fan Jeet Kune Do?
In one of Bruce Lee's spots on the television show Longstreet , James Franciscus asks
Bruce Lee, “What do you call this thing you do?” Bruce goes on to explain
that the name he has given to his own approach to the martial arts is Jeet Kune
Do. Translated from Cantonese, jeet means “intercepting” or “stopping.
Kune means “fist“, and do is “the way.” In English then, Jeet Kune Do is
“The Way of the Intercepting Fist.”
Over the years, there has been much debate over the name Jeet Kune Do. Is
it a style or a philosophy? Is it based on Eastern or Western martial arts?
Bruce Lee himself was quoted as saying “it's only a name.” But, of
course, he had to have some way of referring to the techniques and strategies
he was using.
The story of how he came to develop those techniques starts in 1964 when Bruce
was teaching the traditional Chinese martial art of wing chun at his school in
Oakland, California. Bay Area kung fu instructors, unhappy that Bruce was
teaching non-Chinese students, sent Wong J. Man from Hong Kong to Oakland with an
ultimatum: close the school or throw down. The challenge, of course, was
met right there on the spot, and the two faced off, but a fight that Bruce felt
should have been over much sooner lasted an excruciating three minutes.
He realized that even though he had successfully dispensed with the challenger,
the traditional arts were not as effective as he'd wanted them to be in a real
situation.
At this point, Bruce could've taken the easy way out and continued with the
classical arts. He could have coasted on his reputation and his victory
over Wong J. Man. Instead, he threw out years of wing chun study and dove
into researching other martial arts. He read thousands of books on
various fighting systems, but the majority of books in his personal library
were either fencing or boxing titles. These are the volumes that were
most heavily underlined and annotated by Bruce. These are the arts that
were most subject to his scrutiny. And these western arts form the
foundation of Jeet Kune Do.
While Bruce Lee analyzed many fighting styles, this does not mean he
incorporated all of them into his arsenal. Which brings us back to the
James Franciscus question: “What do you call this thing you do?”
Arguments of whether or not JKD is a style aside, Jeet Kune Do is the name that
Bruce Lee gave to the fighting techniques and strategies he was developing and
employing. It was what he was doing—how he was most efficiently using
arms, legs, body weight, tactics, and the laws of physics—to fight. True,
there are philosophical principles that guide the physical side of JKD, but we
must never forget that JKD is about doing, about action—very specific action.
That action is comprised of the JKD techniques developed by Bruce Lee
himself. Contrary to common misconception, Bruce Lee did not merely take
techniques from various arts and throw them together. He studied and
tested very specific elements, and essentially, these were elements from only
two arts—Western fencing and boxing. Jeet Kune Do's stance, footwork, and
major strategic points come from fencing. A key principle in fencing, the
stop-hit, is essentially the JKD namesake—the way of the intercepting
fist. The idea that you can set up your opponent so that you will be able
to intercept him in his most vulnerable state—on the attack—is central to the
work of fencing authors Aldo Nadi and Julio Martinez Castello, both of whom are
quoted heavily in Bruce Lee's Tao of Jeet Kune Do.
For body mechanics and maximum generation of power, Bruce turned to boxers
Edwin Haislet, Jack Dempsey, and Jim Dricsoll. Again, all three are
heavily quoted in Bruce's writings. JKD's vertical-fist jab, proper
alignment, striking surface, hip rotation, and kinetic chain sequence all come
from boxing.
Even with the heavy influence of both sports, however, it's important to note
that JKD is neither fencing nor boxing. To technically explain this would
be beyond the scope of this article, but it's important to remember that Bruce
never lifted techniques wholesale from other arts for the sake of accumulating
new techniques. Each weapon was subject to scientific analysis, modified,
and tested in fighting situations.
For our modern day purposes, Jeet Kune Do is the name we now use to describe
those techniques and strategies that Bruce Lee developed and more important,
employed, over his lifetime. Of course, he would have continued to
improve on the JKD arsenal, modifying certain things, discarding others.
But that is not for us to decide. As a further delineation and for
historical purposes, to preserve Bruce Lee's art and the contributions he made
to the fighting arts, those techniques that originated from the source—Bruce
Lee—now fall under the Jun Fan Jeet Kune Do name.
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